Understanding Your Plumbing System: 7 Important Components and Terms to Know

Maintaining a home involves more than just keeping it clean and tidy; it also requires ensuring that everything runs smoothly, including essential systems like plumbing. Understanding your home's plumbing system and its components is integral to this upkeep. It empowers you to distinguish between minor issues that can be remedied with simple maintenance and more significant problems that may require professional services. 

In New Zealand, where factors like climate and infrastructure can greatly affect plumbing, this knowledge becomes even more crucial. If you live in the Otago region, it’s a good thing that there are many experts in plumbing Dunedin residents and businesses can rely on for plumbing services—just like Mains Plumbers.

With that said, here is a quick guide to equip you with the essential knowledge of plumbing components and terms. Hopefully, this can help you effectively manage and maintain your plumbing systems for optimal performance and longevity.

The Essential Components of a Plumbing System

Every plumbing system consists of three main components: the water supply system, the drainage system, and the fixtures and appliances.

Water Supply System

The water supply system is responsible for bringing fresh water into your home. This system begins with the main water line, which connects your home to the public water supply. Water enters your home through a service line, which is often buried underground. Finally, the water then passes through a water meter that measures your household’s water usage. 

One of the most critical components of the water supply system is the shut-off valve. Located near the meter, this valve allows you to turn off the water supply in case of an emergency, such as a burst pipe.

Fixtures and Appliances

In a plumbing system, fixtures are devices that use water, such as sinks, toilets, showers, and bathtubs. Each fixture has its own set of supply and drain lines that connect to the main water and drainage systems. Appliances like washing machines, dishwashers, and water heaters also connect to your plumbing system. 

Essential Plumbing Terms You Should Know



Pipes and Fittings

Plumbing systems use different types of pipes, each with its own advantages. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes are lightweight, resistant to corrosion, and easy to work with. This makes them ideal for many plumbing applications. On the other hand, copper pipes are durable and long-lasting. They’re often used for water supply lines due to their ability to withstand high pressure and temperatures. In the case of PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) pipes, they’re flexible and easy to install. They’re also suitable for both hot and cold water supply lines.

Meanwhile, components like elbows, tees, and couplings connect different sections of pipe and direct water flow. 

Valves

Valves control the flow of water within your plumbing system. Common types include ball valves, which provide a reliable seal and are easy to operate; gate valves, which are used to control the flow in larger pipes; and check valves, which prevent backflow. There are also pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) that help maintain safe water pressure levels throughout your home.

Traps

Traps are vital for maintaining hygiene in your plumbing system. A P-trap is the most common type, usually located under sinks and other fixtures. It holds water to create a seal that prevents sewer gases from entering your home. Traps also catch debris, preventing it from entering the main drainage system and causing blockages. 

Vents

Last but not least, vent pipes play a crucial role in the drainage system. They allow air to enter the plumbing system, ensuring efficient drainage and preventing the syphoning of water from traps. Proper venting is also essential to maintain the functionality of your drainage system and prevent slow drainage or gurgling noises. 

In Dunedin’s older homes, the venting systems might need to be updated to comply with modern standards. This modification improves overall plumbing performance.

Maintenance Tips for Homeowners

Regular maintenance is key to preventing plumbing problems. Make sure to conduct routine inspections of your plumbing system by checking for leaks, corrosion, and other issues. Also, look for signs of water damage, such as discoloured walls or ceilings, which could indicate hidden leaks. Familiarise yourself with the location of shut-off valves and ensure they are easily accessible. 

Additionally, take preventive measures, like insulating pipes and maintaining water pressure, to avoid common issues. It’s also best to schedule annual inspections with a professional plumber to catch potential problems early and keep your plumbing system in top condition.

Understanding your plumbing system is essential for maintaining a safe and functional home. You can start by familiarising yourself with the basic components and terms mentioned in this article so you can better understand what might cause problems. If you encounter plumbing issues beyond your capabilities, contact a professional plumber right away. 

Here at Mains Plumbers, we have a team of professionals who have the skills and equipment to handle complex plumbing issues and ensure your plumbing system operates efficiently and safely. You can also rely on our emergency plumbing services should a problem need immediate attention. Moreover, we offer gas fitting and drainlaying services for all your plumbing requirements in Dunedin, trust Mains Plumbers.